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Border security. --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Security measures

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Border security --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Security measures

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Border insecurity is not a new phenomenon. For more than 25 years, Congress has increased border security resources in response to this challenge only to see illegal crossings and criminal enterprises continue to operate by shifting to other, less secure, areas of the border. Since 9/11, billions of dollars have been spent on border security personnel, infrastructure and technology. The United States Border Patrol has more agents in the field today than at any time in history. There are also more miles of fencing and a wider array of technological solutions to help detect illicit crossings and

Border security --- National security --- Homeland defense --- Homeland security --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- Security measures

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On both sides of the Atlantic, restrictive immigration policies have been framed as security imperatives since the 1990's. This trend accelerated in the aftermath of 9/11 and subsequent terrorist attacks in Europe. In Frontiers of Fear, Ariane Chebel d'Appollonia raises two central questions with profound consequences for national security and immigration policy: First, does the securitization of immigration issues actually contribute to the enhancement of internal security? Second, does the use of counterterrorist measures address such immigration issues as the increasing number of illegal immigrants, the resilience of ethnic tensions, and the emergence of homegrown radicalization? Chebel d'Appollonia questions the main assumptions that inform political agendas in the United States and throughout Europe, analyzing implementation and evaluating the effectiveness of policies in terms of their stated objectives. She argues that the new security-based immigration regime has proven ineffective in achieving its prescribed goals and even aggravated the problems it was supposed to solve: A security/insecurity cycle has been created that results in less security and less democracy. The excesses of securitization have harmed both immigration and counterterrorist policies and seriously damaged the delicate balance between security and respect for civil liberties.

National security --- Border security --- Homeland defense --- Homeland security --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- Security measures --- Europe --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy.

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The Fence and the Bridge is about the development of the Canada-US border-security relationship as an outgrowth of the much lengthier Canada-US relationship. It suggests that this relationship has been both highly reflexive and hegemonic over time, and that such realities are embodied in the metaphorical images and texts that describe the Canada-US border over its history. Nicol argues that prominent security motifs, such as themes of free trade, illegal immigration, cross-border crime, terrorism, and territorial sovereignty are not new, nor are they limited to the post-9/11 era. They have developed and evolved at different times and become part of a larger quilt, whose patches are stitched together to create a new fabric and design. Each of the security motifs that now characterize Canada-US border perceptions and relations has a precedent in border-management strategies and border relations in earlier periods. In some cases, these have deep historical roots that date back not just years or decades but centuries. They are part of an evolving North American geopolitical logic that inscribes how borders are perceived, how they function, and what they mean.

Border security --- Geopolitics --- World politics --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Political aspects --- Security measures --- Canada --- United States --- Foreign relations